{"id":5925,"date":"2025-01-01T00:30:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T23:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/?p=5925"},"modified":"2026-03-21T02:29:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T01:29:40","slug":"true-peak-levels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/en\/true-peak-levels\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83c\uddec\ud83c\udde7 True Peak Levels in Mastering"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5925\" class=\"elementor elementor-5925\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-702e4f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"702e4f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a39bea4\" data-id=\"a39bea4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b844e2 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"4b844e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Aucun titre n\\u2019a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 trouv\\u00e9 sur cette page.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable Of Content\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4b844e2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4b844e2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__4b844e2\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ebfe4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ebfe4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab9aafd\" data-id=\"ab9aafd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20c0334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"20c0334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfa3f92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfa3f92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2853565\" data-id=\"2853565\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49a0a0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49a0a0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cTrue Peak\u201d (TP), also known as \u201cIntersample Peaks\u201d (ISP), is a technical reality which is still not fully understood in today\u2019s music production world. With the rise of streaming platforms using Loudness Normalization, and the widespread adoption of home\u2011studio workflows, True Peak notion have re\u2011emerged\u2014despite having existed since the earliest days of digital audio distribution with the advent of the Compact Disc in 1982.<\/p><p data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1837\">In the music production and recording environment, True Peak matters only at the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mastering_(audio)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mastering<\/a> stage, when a \u201cdigital audio\u201d file is finalized before distribution.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60b44d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60b44d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf6b0d0\" data-id=\"cf6b0d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea685e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ea685e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52ff5a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52ff5a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-432fc10\" data-id=\"432fc10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07fa99e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07fa99e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Is \u201cTrue Peak\u201d?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b31425 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b31425\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d392001\" data-id=\"d392001\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd35b9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd35b9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In a digital audio file, True Peak refers to the representation of continuous levels when they exceed the value of neighboring samples. It represents a real analog level that can exceed the level suggested by two successive samples, during conversion from digital domain to analog <strong><em>(Figure 1)<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9be3ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9be3ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-279f56e\" data-id=\"279f56e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cadd4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4cadd4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"629\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation_ENGLISH-1030x629.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6288\" alt=\"True Peak representation.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation_ENGLISH-1030x629.webp 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation_ENGLISH-300x183.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation_ENGLISH-768x469.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation_ENGLISH-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation_ENGLISH.webp 1253w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2ed1f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2ed1f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ee5acb5\" data-id=\"ee5acb5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69dbe34 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69dbe34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 1:<\/strong> Analysis of a digital audio file. On the selection: in yellow, the True Peak (TP) levels created by two consecutive samples whose values are close to the digital maximum (Full Scale \/ 0 dBFS). Across the entire audio track: on the left channel (top), the TP level reaches +0.77 dBFS; on the right channel (bottom), the TP level reaches +0.60 dBFS. The software indicates 17 TP events on the left channel and 14 TP events on the right channel. In light grey: additional True Peak levels can be observed but remain within Full Scale. (Software: iZotope RX).<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fff180d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fff180d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f43266b\" data-id=\"f43266b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e67bc82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e67bc82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-664a335 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"664a335\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c45e1e\" data-id=\"0c45e1e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b34ec8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b34ec8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"3186\">True Peak is a concept specific to <a href=\"#LPCM\">LPCM<\/a> encoding, which is widely used in music production through digital tools that allow audio engineers to record, edit, and create sound. The same digital audio \u201clanguage\u201d is also ubiquitous on the consumer side, as it underlies virtually all forms of digital playback \u2014 from streamed music to CD-Audio and any other digital format stored or distributed today.<\/p><p data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"3186\">At this stage, it is also worth remembering that there is a second type of digital audio encoding: the DSD (Direct Stream Digital). For it, the notion of True Peak is inapplicable. We will explain why at the end of the article in a dedicated chapter.<\/p><p data-start=\"3188\" data-end=\"3532\">True Peak values do not indicate the \u201coverall level\u201d of a recorded audio file. Other measurements representing an average level are more useful to identify the perceived level of a recording. These include <a href=\"#RMS\">RMS<\/a>, and another measurement based on a more advanced method: <a href=\"#IntegratedLoudness\">Integrated Loudness<\/a> (<em>Figure 1<\/em>: Integrated BS.1770 Loudness).<\/p><p data-start=\"3534\" data-end=\"3868\">The term \u00ab\u00a0RMS\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Figure 1<\/em>: Total RMS level) indicates the arithmetic mean defined by the waveform represented in LPCM encoding. This value therefore represents, in a sense, the \u201caverage\u201d of the recorded signal. It is expressed in the common digital scale, in <a href=\"#FullScale\">Full Scale<\/a> decibels (dBFS)\u2014a negative scale whose maximum value is fixed at \u201c0\u201d.<\/p><p data-start=\"3870\" data-end=\"4464\">Today, studios use a more recent calculation method that refines the idea behind RMS through a similar digital scale: LUFS (Loudness Units relative to Full Scale). Its algorithm is more elaborate, taking into account how the human ear behaves as a function of frequency and perceived intensity (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equal-loudness_contour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">equal-loudness contours; Fletcher &amp; Munson, 1933<\/a>). Consequently, for a given piece of music, the measurement used to define the perceived \u201caverage\u201d level is <a href=\"#IntegratedLoudness\">Integrated Loudness<\/a>, not RMS\u2014let alone True Peak maximum values, which can provide no meaningful indication of overall recorded level.<\/p><p data-start=\"4466\" data-end=\"4901\">In the digital audio domain, True Peak concerns any multichannel <a href=\"#LPCM\">LPCM<\/a> file intended to be played through a sound reproduction system. Today, it has resurfaced in studios largely due to the development of streaming platforms and the \u201crecommendations\u201d they provide to mastering studios. However, the phenomenon itself has remained unchanged since the invention of LPCM and applies to any file meant to be played back, including CD-Audio.<\/p><p data-start=\"4903\" data-end=\"5436\">In the case of stereo music with two channels (left and right), there is a dual stream of digital data representing two separate waveforms. This dual digital stream is converted into two separate electrical signals, sent to a pair of loudspeakers. Depending on the performance of the reproduction system, playback will be more or less faithful. As a result, what we perceive through a given playback system can vary greatly in reproduction quality compared to the original file as created by the artist, producer, and audio engineer.<\/p><p data-start=\"5438\" data-end=\"5711\">Beyond obvious criteria such as frequency response, dynamics, or spatial precision (which depend strongly on the entire playback chain), True Peak can cause issues at the very first link in the chain. It can also suggest other problems when the file is transformed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2bd509c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2bd509c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5bdc6a8\" data-id=\"5bdc6a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6d8b69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b6d8b69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22b4fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22b4fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2788016\" data-id=\"2788016\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec160ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec160ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The downsides of True Peak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82c087a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"82c087a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-11855af\" data-id=\"11855af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dade90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0dade90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"5273\" data-end=\"5424\">When True Peak values exceed certain thresholds\u2014and depending on the use case\u2014the consequences can become problematic during the use of the audio file.<\/p><p data-start=\"5426\" data-end=\"5708\">As discussed, True Peak levels do not describe <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loudness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">loudness<\/a>; they only reveal a possible and real continuity of the analog signal during playback. However, it can happen that the analog level reconstructed between two successive samples exceeds the maximum numerical value (Full Scale).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e017e2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e017e2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f0c74d\" data-id=\"8f0c74d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51f7113 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"51f7113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0fe8098 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0fe8098\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c474a57\" data-id=\"c474a57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3ce874 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3ce874\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DAC overload<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d950548 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d950548\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf6540f\" data-id=\"bf6540f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27b9cb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27b9cb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"5731\" data-end=\"6202\">Understanding True Peak matters because it can cause negative consequences during playback when music comes from a digital format. Today, before releasing masters, True Peak values are evaluated and sometimes controlled by mastering engineers. When finalizing the last digital processing steps on the mixes they receive, mastering engineers can adjust these \u201cdigital-to-analog\u201d transition levels to avoid audible distortion that could appear on consumer playback systems.<\/p><p data-start=\"6204\" data-end=\"6462\">In any recorded audio file, all samples are legitimate because they are, by definition, located within the digital scale. They exist in the positive part of the signal and the negative part, below 0 dB Full Scale on both sides of the waveform <em><strong>(Figure 2)<\/strong><\/em>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dfa78e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dfa78e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a310bdb\" data-id=\"a310bdb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d0b5cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2d0b5cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation-v2_ENGLISH-1030x437.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6135\" alt=\"DAC_preamp-amp-hps_ENG\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation-v2_ENGLISH-1030x437.webp 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation-v2_ENGLISH-300x127.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation-v2_ENGLISH-768x326.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation-v2_ENGLISH-18x8.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Figure1_True-Peak-Representation-v2_ENGLISH.webp 1401w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d45ec6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d45ec6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f690488\" data-id=\"f690488\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33b5aa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33b5aa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"6464\" data-end=\"6477\">Figure 2:<\/strong> Stereo representation of two digitized waveforms corresponding to the left and right channels.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d7165ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d7165ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6de529\" data-id=\"c6de529\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232a526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"232a526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70ccaf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70ccaf9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad7271a\" data-id=\"ad7271a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d73b16b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d73b16b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To be heard through transducers (loudspeakers or headphones), every digital audio signal undergoes digital-to-analog conversion at playback. The complex electronic circuit responsible for this domain change is a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital-to-analog_converter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DAC<\/a> (Digital-to-Analog Converter). A DAC converts discrete sample values into a continuous electrical current. Further down the chain, this current is amplified before being sent to a loudspeaker system. Transducers convert electrical current into mechanical energy, which explains the movement of the loudspeaker cone and thus the perception of sound <strong>(<em>Figure 3)<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e46928d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e46928d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a4a3f27\" data-id=\"a4a3f27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbe59e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dbe59e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"544\" height=\"843\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DAC_preamp-amp-hps_ENGLISH.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6143\" alt=\"DAC_preamp-amp-hps_ENG\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DAC_preamp-amp-hps_ENGLISH.webp 544w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DAC_preamp-amp-hps_ENGLISH-194x300.webp 194w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DAC_preamp-amp-hps_ENGLISH-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a376f21 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a376f21\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8571f0\" data-id=\"c8571f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-902c0bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"902c0bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"7234\" data-end=\"7247\">Figure 3:<\/strong> The LPCM digital audio signal is sent to the DAC to be converted into an analog electrical signal, which by definition is continuous. This signal is then amplified before being transmitted to the loudspeakers.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b61d143 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b61d143\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b9ba4a\" data-id=\"2b9ba4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc305f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1cc305f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8bbac62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8bbac62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976d5be\" data-id=\"976d5be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8640d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8640d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"7459\" data-end=\"8138\">Inside the DAC, if the reconstructed analog representation exceeds the level corresponding to the digital maximum (0 dBFS), on the positive or negative side, the DAC is asked to reproduce an analog level whose digital equivalent does not exist. As a result, the DAC <em>clips <\/em>at that point. In practice, a form of momentary distortion is created: sample values are converted according to the DAC\u2019s capabilities and performance, but the analog signal necessarily contains conversion errors because True Peak values cross the digital limit. This distortion is usually not intentional and is not, in principle, part of what the artist, producer, or engineer intended for the master.<\/p><p data-start=\"8140\" data-end=\"8315\">Hence, in theory, the importance of creating masters with controlled True Peak values so that DACs can translate continuous levels without introducing this kind of distortion.<\/p><p data-start=\"8317\" data-end=\"8797\">In practice, the overall quality of playback systems plays a fundamental role in transparent reproduction, because the best systems generate as little distortion as possible. Regarding the management of excessive True Peak values, the sensitive link is the DAC\u2019s performance. With low-end DACs, the distortion caused by these values is the most audible; conversely, on high-end professional or audiophile systems, the distortion becomes inaudible thanks to much more capable DACs.<\/p><p data-start=\"8799\" data-end=\"9097\">Today, some of the highest-performing DACs on the market are those using DSD technology, implementing a coding method called Delta-Sigma (sometimes referred to as Sigma-Delta). The DSD standard was introduced to the public in 1999 with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Super_Audio_CD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Super Audio CD<\/a> (SACD).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72b45e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72b45e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-597408b\" data-id=\"597408b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdfac elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"10fdfac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59a863d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59a863d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7bda124\" data-id=\"7bda124\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46cd43c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"46cd43c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SACD-Logo-colored-smalled-300x162.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-6031\" alt=\"Super Audio CD Logo (SACD logo)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SACD-Logo-colored-smalled-300x162.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SACD-Logo-colored-smalled-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SACD-Logo-colored-smalled.webp 373w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-efc6526 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"efc6526\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-218c563\" data-id=\"218c563\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14c465f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14c465f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"9101\" data-end=\"9110\">SACD:<\/strong> Unlike LPCM, which has defined digital audio worldwide across virtually all applications from the CD\u2019s release in 1982 to today, SACD (Super Audio CD), created in 1999, relies on a different digital language: DSD.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53eff25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53eff25\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e42a6dd\" data-id=\"e42a6dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6d2b01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b6d2b01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ba7fb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9ba7fb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4030eb\" data-id=\"e4030eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd616f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cd616f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DSD-Logo-300x162.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-6036\" alt=\"DSD_Direct Stream Digital_Logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DSD-Logo-300x162.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DSD-Logo-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DSD-Logo.webp 373w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f45ec84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f45ec84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3b7176\" data-id=\"a3b7176\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e1aac5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e1aac5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"9329\" data-end=\"9354\">DSD in high-end DACs. <\/strong>Found in many modern high-performance DACs, DSD is indifferent to the notion of True Peak in part thanks to the internal Delta-Sigma process\u2014a specific technology for calculating samples when converting incoming LPCM information inside the DAC.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e1fdfc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e1fdfc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b62668d\" data-id=\"b62668d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca35cad elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ca35cad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9bc593f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9bc593f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3c29\" data-id=\"c2e3c29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e8ff26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e8ff26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"9618\" data-end=\"9940\">DACs are never all the same: their electronic design can vary greatly between models. The best converters are built with optimal-quality components (more expensive), sometimes individually selected and matched. There are also multiple engineering approaches, depending on technologies, design choices, and component costs.<\/p><p data-start=\"9942\" data-end=\"10382\">To give a <a href=\"#TheDACmarkettoday\">sense of the market in hi-fi<\/a>, I compiled a non-exhaustive list by browsing retail sites. You can find external DACs for \u20ac15 as an entry-level price <em><strong>(a)<\/strong><\/em>. Fortunately, more advanced DACs exist for a few hundred euros (for example under \u20ac200) <em><strong>(b)<\/strong><\/em>. Prices can rise to several thousand euros <em><strong>(c and d)<\/strong><\/em>\u2014for this \u201csingle\u201d function: converting two digital audio signals (left and right) into two corresponding analog signals in real time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea78775 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea78775\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0fd0879\" data-id=\"0fd0879\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dadc30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7dadc30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"199\" height=\"142\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Jade-Audio-JA11-b.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-4474\" alt=\"DAC Jade Audio JA11\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Jade-Audio-JA11-b.png 199w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Jade-Audio-JA11-b-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca44fd6\" data-id=\"ca44fd6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1a2a59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d1a2a59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"172\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Topping-DX3Pro-300x172.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-4472\" alt=\"DAC Topping Audio DX3Pro+\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Topping-DX3Pro-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Topping-DX3Pro-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Topping-DX3Pro.png 577w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c36801 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c36801\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28cbbd0\" data-id=\"28cbbd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b105c80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b105c80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>a. Entry-level portable DAC, Jade Audio JA11, source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.son-video.com\/article\/haute-fidelite-streaming-et-reseau-dac-audio-portables\/jadeaudio\/ja11-noir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Son-Video.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a4d24c7\" data-id=\"a4d24c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-832e312 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"832e312\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>b. Standard DAC, Topping Audio DX3Pro+, source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.toppingaudio.com\/product-item\/dx3-pro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Topping Audio<\/a><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-11f4bbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"11f4bbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b15ca63\" data-id=\"b15ca63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3affe73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3affe73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"737\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DAC300.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4469\" alt=\"DAC Atoll DAC300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DAC300.png 737w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DAC300-300x93.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DAC300-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c65d329\" data-id=\"c65d329\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a41d62b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a41d62b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"643\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Mcintosh-MDA200.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4470\" alt=\"DAC Mcintosh MDA200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Mcintosh-MDA200.png 643w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Mcintosh-MDA200-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DAC-Mcintosh-MDA200-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7cf39b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7cf39b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-210ec28\" data-id=\"210ec28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b05bc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b05bc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>c. Audiophile DAC, Atoll DAC300, source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cta-hifi.com\/dacs\/2619-atoll-dac-300.html?srsltid=AfmBOoreWToPUDcsCyZ0SflcfXF-TOzRmVXLcmYehk3Uv7F2N5UpqtqC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cta-hifi.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e767c9b\" data-id=\"e767c9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32c7c75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32c7c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>d. High-end DAC, McIntosh MDA200, source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elecson.com\/6461-mcintosh-mda200.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elecson<\/a><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2cabd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2cabd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1856f0\" data-id=\"c1856f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00a96a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c00a96a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e07a9eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e07a9eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c580770\" data-id=\"c580770\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85e0930 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85e0930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"10625\" data-end=\"10941\">It goes without saying that the quality of digital playback is entirely dependent on the quality of the DAC used\u2014just as it depends on the amplifier and speakers. The DAC is a crucial element that is generally underestimated by the general public. I challenge you to run comparisons if you ever have the opportunity.<\/p><p data-start=\"10943\" data-end=\"11159\">In short: during playback of digital files, True Peak management happens only inside the DAC. The DAC\u2019s quality is decisive in its ability to handle True Peak values when they exceed the top of the digital scale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72273dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72273dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9fd4734\" data-id=\"9fd4734\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc07ad7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bc07ad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5853cf8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5853cf8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69d1f6d\" data-id=\"69d1f6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a8f3e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a8f3e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lossy codecs<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7cf5710 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7cf5710\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-729f182\" data-id=\"729f182\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d087996 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d087996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"11186\" data-end=\"11667\">In general, an audio codec is an algorithmic system that works in two parts: an encoder and a decoder. In this article, we will focus only on <a href=\"#Lossy\">lossy <\/a>codecs\u2014those that, during encoding, discard audible information in exchange for a file size of only a few megabytes. By contrast, so-called lossless codecs reproduce the same signal after decompression, meaning True Peak values remain the same; therefore, there is no reason to focus on lossless transformations here.<\/p><p data-start=\"11669\" data-end=\"12158\">We therefore transform the original master signal, encoded in LPCM, into a new signal via \u201clossy\u201d data compression. That is the principle of encoding. LPCM files from mastering studios (.wav, .aiff) can be encoded at any time into other formats to reduce their size, as in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MP3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mp3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Audio_Coding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AAC<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ogg Vorbis<\/a>, etc&#8230; The new file is then stored <em><strong>(Figure 4)<\/strong><\/em>. Only at playback does the decoder decompress the small file so it can be reproduced by a listening system\u2014specifically through the DAC <em><strong>(Figure 5)<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-927243e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"927243e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91c48ff\" data-id=\"91c48ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1f0ab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a1f0ab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"899\" height=\"761\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LPCM-to-Lossy_ENGL-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6171\" alt=\"Encoding: the LPCM Master file is encoded to a Lossy file.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LPCM-to-Lossy_ENGL-1.webp 899w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LPCM-to-Lossy_ENGL-1-300x254.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LPCM-to-Lossy_ENGL-1-768x650.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/LPCM-to-Lossy_ENGL-1-14x12.webp 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 899px) 100vw, 899px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-417401b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"417401b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0014ec\" data-id=\"e0014ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6de00e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6de00e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"12160\" data-end=\"12173\">Figure 4:<\/strong> Creation of a lossy file from a master file (LPCM). \u201cLossy\u201d refers to a format that undergoes a loss of audible information compared with the raw LPCM master format. The encoder stage of the algorithm produces this \u201ccompressed\u201d file. The master undergoes \u201cdata compression.\u201d The only advantage of the resulting file is its reduced size; the downside is that it loses sound quality due to the loss of audible data. During encoding, the higher the bitrate, the less damage it suffers. Note that lossy formats cannot be represented in the same way as LPCM in \u00ab\u00a0amplitude over time\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c8a44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c8a44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6ae96f\" data-id=\"e6ae96f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-967e2a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"967e2a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6abe46d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6abe46d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64b9a1d\" data-id=\"64b9a1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abe5d47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"abe5d47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"687\" height=\"837\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Lossy-to-LPCM_ENGL.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6166\" alt=\"Lossy to LPCM: Decoding the Lossy file.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Lossy-to-LPCM_ENGL.webp 687w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Lossy-to-LPCM_ENGL-246x300.webp 246w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Lossy-to-LPCM_ENGL-10x12.webp 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3ebccf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3ebccf2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1dc720a\" data-id=\"1dc720a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58861e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58861e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"12729\" data-end=\"12742\">Figure 5:<\/strong> Playback of the lossy file. During playback of the compressed file, the decoder recreates new samples in LPCM\u2014the only language that DACs can interpret as a continuous signal. The lossy file is therefore decompressed with the losses created during encoding. Once degraded, it is impossible to recover the original LPCM file because lossy encoding is irreversible. Note that in this realistic representation of the reconstructed LPCM file (the example will be studied later), one sample could not be created within the common digital scale. That sample therefore does not exist, and the continuous reconstruction produces a large True Peak value\u2014confirming, as we will see later, that True Peak can be poorly managed during lossy decoding.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d6e329 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d6e329\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ea20ff\" data-id=\"0ea20ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8226847 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8226847\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-feacfc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"feacfc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-169abe3\" data-id=\"169abe3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-606e00e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"606e00e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lossy Encoding<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97aaac9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97aaac9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-380b67f\" data-id=\"380b67f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c81ff66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c81ff66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"14057\" data-end=\"14493\">When converting from <a href=\"#LPCM\">LPCM<\/a> to a lossy format (mp3, AAC, Ogg Vorbis\u2026), overly strong signal levels can overload encoders <strong>(Figure 6)<\/strong>. Lossy encoders need headroom to correctly convert data. If the input signal is too hot, the encoder saturates and produces its own distortion, which is then mixed into the encoded signal\u2014something to avoid unless it is intentionally desired by the producer, artist, or engineer at the mastering stage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90d1160 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"90d1160\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0e2288\" data-id=\"c0e2288\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bafcd9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bafcd9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"605\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Saturation-entree-encodeur_ENGLISH.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6179\" alt=\"Distortion buildup at the input stage of the encoder.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Saturation-entree-encodeur_ENGLISH.webp 804w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Saturation-entree-encodeur_ENGLISH-300x226.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Saturation-entree-encodeur_ENGLISH-768x578.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Saturation-entree-encodeur_ENGLISH-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7517c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f7517c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25c49c1\" data-id=\"25c49c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d3fc6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d3fc6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"14239\" data-end=\"14252\">Figure 6:<\/strong> Encoding a .wav file to a lossy format. If the input level is too high, the encoder\u2019s input stage saturates and distortion appears, adding to the encoded signal.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7337527 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7337527\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d52cc8\" data-id=\"5d52cc8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f1f7c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5f1f7c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8377940 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8377940\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f6f727\" data-id=\"4f6f727\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ea276d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ea276d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"14495\" data-end=\"14672\">However, note that the levels discussed at the encoder input are sample peak levels, not True Peaks, because the encoding process remains entirely within the digital domain.<\/p><p data-start=\"14674\" data-end=\"14828\">In Mastering, the goal is to find the best \u201coverall and final level\u201d solution to avoid this kind of encoder distortion caused by the highest sample peaks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-91468f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"91468f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6f2f70\" data-id=\"a6f2f70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c73d982 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c73d982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-793e59d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"793e59d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6300ffa\" data-id=\"6300ffa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85d617a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85d617a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lossy Decoding<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b4bb83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b4bb83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c49a1fc\" data-id=\"c49a1fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e590045 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e590045\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Once masters are compressed into their lossy forms, we also have to ensure that the newly created samples do not generate True Peak values that cause clipping during playback through the DAC. Indeed, because lossy encoding is destructive, the sample values necessarily change within the digital scale. These new values can induce True Peak levels <strong>(Figures 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d)<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01be914 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01be914\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3883423\" data-id=\"3883423\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64362ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"64362ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Original-LPCM-1030x608.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5935\" alt=\"Original LPCM 1644 before Lossy Encoding (Ogg Vorbis)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Original-LPCM-1030x608.webp 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Original-LPCM-300x177.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Original-LPCM-768x454.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Original-LPCM-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Original-LPCM.webp 1451w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31b3759 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31b3759\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ffd8a2\" data-id=\"8ffd8a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d65d76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d65d76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"15420\" data-end=\"15434\">Figure 7a:<\/strong> In RX (iZotope), representation of a portion of an LPCM audio file from a CD (Michel Jonasz, \u201cJoueurs de Blues\u201d, zoomed around 2:17.908).<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2c9327 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2c9327\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66835b2\" data-id=\"66835b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfd0f70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bfd0f70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4763a46 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4763a46\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5534f7\" data-id=\"e5534f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-915fbc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"915fbc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"605\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-64kbps_-1.02dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-1030x605.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5936\" alt=\"LPCM 3244 after Lossy Encoding (Ogg Vorbis) at bitrate of 64kbps (Q=0)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-64kbps_-1.02dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-1030x605.webp 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-64kbps_-1.02dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-300x176.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-64kbps_-1.02dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-768x451.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-64kbps_-1.02dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-64kbps_-1.02dBTP-Right-Channel-v2.webp 1444w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7cca377 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7cca377\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f5bb81\" data-id=\"7f5bb81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15fadc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15fadc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"15574\" data-end=\"15588\">Figure 7b:<\/strong> Representation of the same portion after lossy encoding of the original file using a low bitrate (Ogg Vorbis, 64 kbps (Q=0)). Note the presence of a significant True Peak on the right channel (+1.02 dBTP), while at the same time position the left channel\u2019s sample value has decreased. This is due to the new distribution of samples within the digital scale.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9344eb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9344eb8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7316d77\" data-id=\"7316d77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e8ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e1e8ef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d468176 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d468176\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-602a65a\" data-id=\"602a65a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb910a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bb910a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"603\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-500kbps_-0.17dBTP-Left-0.10dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-1030x603.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5937\" alt=\"LPCM 3244 after Lossy Encoding (Ogg Vorbis) at max. bitrate of 500kbps (Q=10)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-500kbps_-0.17dBTP-Left-0.10dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-1030x603.webp 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-500kbps_-0.17dBTP-Left-0.10dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-300x176.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-500kbps_-0.17dBTP-Left-0.10dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-768x450.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-500kbps_-0.17dBTP-Left-0.10dBTP-Right-Channel-v2-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ogg-Vorbis-500kbps_-0.17dBTP-Left-0.10dBTP-Right-Channel-v2.webp 1443w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fcbec1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fcbec1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4244ddf\" data-id=\"4244ddf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52d216d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52d216d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"15948\" data-end=\"15962\">Figure 7c:<\/strong> Representation of the same portion after Ogg Vorbis lossy encoding at maximum quality (Q=10, i.e. ~500 kbps). Despite the very high bitrate, note the presence of moderate True Peak values on both channels (Left: +0.17 dBTP, Right: +0.10 dBTP). As above, this result is explained by the new sample distribution within the digital scale.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86b68e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86b68e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39e32d3\" data-id=\"39e32d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-119930d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"119930d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a200fa3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a200fa3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fe898e\" data-id=\"3fe898e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-150b944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"150b944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"16300\" data-end=\"16594\">Note that in Figure 7c, at the True Peak location in the Left Channel, one sample is missing. In LPCM we would normally expect a sample at every digital step, but here the decoding algorithm was unable to determine a sample value within the usual scale\u2014clearly creating that True Peak during signal reconstruction.<\/p><p data-start=\"16596\" data-end=\"16748\">In <strong>Figure 7d<\/strong>, note also that in the original CD file, both concerned values are True Peaks but nearly invisible: Left: +0.10 dBTP and Right: +0.01 dBTP.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d894422 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d894422\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2517469\" data-id=\"2517469\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5210a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5210a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"601\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM_CD-Audio_-0.1dBTP-Left-Channel-0.01dBTP-Right-Channel-1030x601.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5938\" alt=\"Original LPCM 1644 before Lossy Encoding (Ogg Vorbis). Look at 1 TP on each channel\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM_CD-Audio_-0.1dBTP-Left-Channel-0.01dBTP-Right-Channel-1030x601.webp 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM_CD-Audio_-0.1dBTP-Left-Channel-0.01dBTP-Right-Channel-300x175.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM_CD-Audio_-0.1dBTP-Left-Channel-0.01dBTP-Right-Channel-768x448.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM_CD-Audio_-0.1dBTP-Left-Channel-0.01dBTP-Right-Channel-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM_CD-Audio_-0.1dBTP-Left-Channel-0.01dBTP-Right-Channel.webp 1458w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ab39fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ab39fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15e62e0\" data-id=\"15e62e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b50aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b50aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"16750\" data-end=\"16763\"><em><strong data-start=\"16750\" data-end=\"16763\">Figure 7d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f313dea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f313dea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7413ed9\" data-id=\"7413ed9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a908d2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a908d2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a750edb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a750edb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8be97a4\" data-id=\"8be97a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15ac7ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15ac7ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the track concerned, analysis shows a total of 61 True Peaks exceeding the numeric maximum (15 on the left channel and 46 on the right) <strong>(Figure 7e)<\/strong>. This is explained by the fact that at the time of this album\u2019s CD release (the example is from the first CD edition, released in 1986), mastering engineers did not pay attention to True Peak values. Because the average loudness was relatively low (\u221215.5 LUFS) and dynamics were significant, these True Peak values were not problematic. By contrast, modern productions in more mainstream genres are more likely to cause True Peak interpretation issues, due to higher average levels, DAC overload, and level overload during lossy encodes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73f90cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73f90cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb2cf36\" data-id=\"bb2cf36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bca855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0bca855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michel-Jonasz_Joueurs-de-Blues_Waveform-Statistics_Cd-Audio-1985-1030x521.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5939\" alt=\"Michel-Jonasz_Joueurs-de-Blues_Waveform-Statistics_Cd-Audio-1985\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michel-Jonasz_Joueurs-de-Blues_Waveform-Statistics_Cd-Audio-1985-1030x521.webp 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michel-Jonasz_Joueurs-de-Blues_Waveform-Statistics_Cd-Audio-1985-300x152.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michel-Jonasz_Joueurs-de-Blues_Waveform-Statistics_Cd-Audio-1985-768x389.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michel-Jonasz_Joueurs-de-Blues_Waveform-Statistics_Cd-Audio-1985-18x9.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Michel-Jonasz_Joueurs-de-Blues_Waveform-Statistics_Cd-Audio-1985.webp 1442w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d456c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d456c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b694eb6\" data-id=\"b694eb6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8256d24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8256d24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"17455\" data-end=\"17469\">Figure 7e:<\/strong> Waveform representation of the entire track \u201cJoueurs de Blues\u201d. Album \u201cLa nouvelle vie\u201d, Michel Jonasz. Album released in 1981 (originaly on vinyl and cassette). The digitization of the tapes for the CD release took place between 1984 and 1985. Note the track\u2019s dynamics (difference between low and high levels) and the occasional True Peak values reported in the analysis.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd87a67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd87a67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32b9ca8\" data-id=\"32b9ca8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec6d92d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ec6d92d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e567ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e567ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2878be7\" data-id=\"2878be7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e55309 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e55309\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Summary of the issues caused by True Peak<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a00c5bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a00c5bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e20639\" data-id=\"7e20639\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a48dc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a48dc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"17890\" data-end=\"18041\">True Peak values exceeding the digital maximum create interpretation problems during playback through DACs that saturate\u2014especially with common &amp; low-quality DACs.<\/p><p data-start=\"18044\" data-end=\"18360\">True Peak also creates many issues during lossy decoding. This is due to the fact that samples are fully recalculated, thus generating new True Peak values. Those can significantly exceed initial True Peak values found on the original LPCM file. These overshoots are strongly related to the applied bitrate for the conversion. They also heavily depend on the initial file\u2019s sample peak levels if they are too high.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd696af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cd696af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-541efbe\" data-id=\"541efbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5583ecd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5583ecd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-046ffee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"046ffee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12561fd\" data-id=\"12561fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d3507c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d3507c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why True Peak is challenging for streaming platforms<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-865b8b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"865b8b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4cef69\" data-id=\"d4cef69\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f25306 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7f25306\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30dd0bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30dd0bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b27ce2e\" data-id=\"b27ce2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34c3b91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34c3b91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The limits of streaming<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22047af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22047af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f2d47e\" data-id=\"0f2d47e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d270664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d270664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"18460\" data-end=\"18765\">Today, in 2025, with a subscription, most platforms offer a large part of their catalog in standard LPCM .wav quality (minimum 16-bit \/ 44.1 kHz, CD quality) and very often in high-resolution\u2014sometimes exactly the same format delivered by mastering studios (.wav 24-bit at 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 96 kHz, etc.).<\/p><p data-start=\"18767\" data-end=\"19213\">However, beyond their ability to deliver much of the catalog in high resolution, these platforms also provide a lossy format to subscribers. Depending on general public usage, subscribers often rely on lossy formats for mobile listening (e.g. smartphone) because they are less demanding in bandwidth and file size. Also, the poor quality of lossy audio is less noticeable on small playback systems, mainly due to their limited frequency response.<\/p><p data-start=\"19215\" data-end=\"19639\">It is important to understand that lossy coding from studio masters (commonly .wav 24-bit minimum @44.1 kHz) is never done in Mastering. The lossy files provided by platforms are automatically encoded by the platforms themselves from the files they receive, which can cause clipping due to poor management of levels that are too hot at the encoder input, and therefore also True Peak levels that are not properly controlled.<\/p><p data-start=\"19641\" data-end=\"19958\">Only mastering professionals are able to finalize masters whose encoding and decoding will not induce audible distortion due to uncontrolled levels. This is how we deliver \u201cclean\u201d masters in which this type of distortion cannot be added to the artifacts created by information loss during conversion to lossy formats.<\/p><p data-start=\"19960\" data-end=\"20368\">Beyond streaming platforms, lossy conversions can also be performed by anyone with the right software\u2014for example converting a .wav file into an .mp3 using Apple\u2019s \u201cMusic\u201d app or third-party software like VLC on Windows <em><strong>(Figure 8)<\/strong><\/em>. In that case, conversion quality can be poor because the user cannot control encoder input levels to avoid overload. The user also cannot control True Peak values created during decoding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c82dcc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c82dcc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aefa622\" data-id=\"aefa622\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed83809 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ed83809\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"71\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Apple-Music-Logo-300x71.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-5949\" alt=\"Apple Music Logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Apple-Music-Logo-300x71.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Apple-Music-Logo-18x4.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Apple-Music-Logo.webp 460w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4468182 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4468182\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc7ed88\" data-id=\"cc7ed88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e37b681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e37b681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/VLC-Logo-300x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-5951\" alt=\"VLC Logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/VLC-Logo-300x150.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/VLC-Logo-18x9.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/VLC-Logo.jpeg 318w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01c79a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01c79a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e39002d\" data-id=\"e39002d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0fb653 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0fb653\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"20370\" data-end=\"20383\">Figure 8 :<\/strong> Apple Music (macOS), which replaced iTunes in 2019, and VLC (Windows) are among the most commonly used programs for users to encode LPCM audio files into lossy formats.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8edb564 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8edb564\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-03edbff\" data-id=\"03edbff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-661ee28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"661ee28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-876ecb4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"876ecb4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bcd513b\" data-id=\"bcd513b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b9c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25b9c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recommended maximum True Peak values<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4292ac5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4292ac5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae6c7c6\" data-id=\"ae6c7c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd9f8b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd9f8b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"20600\" data-end=\"20875\">To address this True Peak problem\u2014which worsens with lossy encoding and decoding\u2014platforms recommend masters whose True Peak values do not exceed \u22121 dBFS <em><strong>(Figure 9)<\/strong><\/em>. This is the same recommendation introduced in 2010 by the EBU for broadcast and TV mixing (EBU R128).<\/p><p data-start=\"20877\" data-end=\"21304\">Note that Spotify recommends \u22122 dBTP if masters exceed the integrated loudness value of \u221214 LUFS. Spotify is still one of the only major streaming platforms that delivers audio in a lossy format (Ogg Vorbis, bitrate between 160 and 320 kbps depending on subscription tier). It is therefore not illogical to add an extra \u22121 dBTP safety margin so that their codec behaves ideally and avoids generating problematic True Peaks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-141cb5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"141cb5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42f5065\" data-id=\"42f5065\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdb35a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bdb35a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1004\" height=\"723\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-Headroom-1dB.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4137\" alt=\"Headroom, marge de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, marge de man\u0153uvre\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-Headroom-1dB.png 1004w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-Headroom-1dB-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-Headroom-1dB-768x553.png 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-Headroom-1dB-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1004px) 100vw, 1004px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8269488 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8269488\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58045f1\" data-id=\"58045f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d826e38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d826e38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"21306\" data-end=\"21319\">Figure 9 :<\/strong> Example of a master reaching a maximum True Peak of \u22121 dBTP in line with EBU R128. This represents 1 dB of headroom between the maximum True Peak level and the digital maximum (0 dBFS). If mastering exclusively for Spotify following their recommendation, we would need to reduce the master\u2019s overall level by an additional 1 dB\u2014i.e., 2 dB of headroom! \u2026whereas if their policy shifted toward a fully lossless catalog, we would not need to reduce this level and music quality would finally be fully legitimate.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32f9afa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32f9afa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cf3765\" data-id=\"6cf3765\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f174039 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f174039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-386ff4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"386ff4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60bf72e\" data-id=\"60bf72e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58a9aa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58a9aa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>By contrast, unlike the Broadcast Sector\u2014where maximum True Peak limits are strictly enforced\u2014the Music Industry operates without any mandatory rules. No organization or platform will reject a master solely because its True Peak level is too high. The term \u201crecommendations\u201d should therefore be understood in its strict sense: guidelines that, depending on context or musical genre, are not always followed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2468715 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2468715\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1200be\" data-id=\"e1200be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d831c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9d831c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61581a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61581a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-884c531\" data-id=\"884c531\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-578929a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"578929a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">True Peak across musical genres<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c7801f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c7801f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca19e45\" data-id=\"ca19e45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33ddc3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33ddc3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today, certain musical genres are mastered at consistently very high and competitive average levels, a practice inherited from the so-called \u201cLoudness War\u201d that emerged in the early 2000s. By contrast, other genres have always been mastered with greater depth, preserving the natural dynamic range of the recordings. As a result, the management of maximum True Peak values varies accordingly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a207a64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a207a64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4af6fc\" data-id=\"c4af6fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cef9fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0cef9fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fbaf6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fbaf6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1829c7\" data-id=\"c1829c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec7ea92 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec7ea92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The case of dynamic music<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6703dbc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6703dbc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ff0046\" data-id=\"4ff0046\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2960856 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2960856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"21910\" data-end=\"22234\">Unlike the broadcast domain where maximum levels are actually applied, there are no rules or obligations in the music industry. No organization or system will reject a master because its True Peak level is too high. In music production, these are only \u201crecommendations\u201d in the strict sense, and they are not always followed.<\/p><p data-start=\"22236\" data-end=\"22638\">Occasional True Peak values of small amplitude (e.g., 3 or 4 TP values at +0.3 dBFS in an entire track) generally cause no difficulty, because the distortion created during DAC reconstruction is either very small or extremely brief, and therefore unnoticed. Some albums may have only 1 or 2 tracks out of 10+ where True Peaks can be annoying, especially when played through common, non-performant DACs.<\/p><p data-start=\"22640\" data-end=\"22948\">In the following classical example <em><strong>(Figures 10 &amp; 11)<\/strong><\/em>, we observe 15 True Peak values on the right channel concentrated between 2:35.569 and 2:35.584\u2014a time interval of only 0.15 seconds. At that point, depending on DAC quality, the ear might perceive a general distortion affecting all 15 TP values at once.<\/p><p data-start=\"22950\" data-end=\"23150\">On the very successful 18-track album from which this excerpt is taken, only two tracks present True Peak issues exceeding Full Scale. These overshoots were apparently not considered during mastering.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e9148 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e9148\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97f03c8\" data-id=\"97f03c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a0b152 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a0b152\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"820\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Waveform-Statistics_Musique-Classique2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3859\" alt=\"True Peaks Waveform Classical Music\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Waveform-Statistics_Musique-Classique2.webp 820w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Waveform-Statistics_Musique-Classique2-300x131.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Waveform-Statistics_Musique-Classique2-768x335.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Waveform-Statistics_Musique-Classique2-18x8.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0244859 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0244859\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38344e2\" data-id=\"38344e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0414b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e0414b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"715\" height=\"1018\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Exemple-TP-musique-classique2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3857\" alt=\"True Peaks Musique Classique_Exemple_Kevork Mastering\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Exemple-TP-musique-classique2.webp 715w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Exemple-TP-musique-classique2-211x300.webp 211w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Exemple-TP-musique-classique2-8x12.webp 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a275e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a275e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b94f9f8\" data-id=\"b94f9f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-220cd6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"220cd6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figures 10 &amp; 11 :<\/strong> \u00a0Vivaldi Concerto l\u2019Inverno n.4 Allegro &#8211; Le Quattro Stagioni \u2013 Interpreti Veneziani (Cd-Audio, In Venice Sound, 2013).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-635e1c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"635e1c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f21c38\" data-id=\"5f21c38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aa19e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1aa19e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7559de0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7559de0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e0eb82\" data-id=\"8e0eb82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f794b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f794b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Loudness War as a starting point<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f6aafe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f6aafe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f768635\" data-id=\"f768635\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee943e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dee943e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today, it is not rare for music productions to be mastered without taking True Peak into account, or with a high presence of True Peaks exceeding 0 dBFS. The \u201cLoudness War\u201d, which peaked in the 2000s, predates the widespread availability of tools to control these peaks in studios. The consequences were negative: studios worldwide pushed technology to maximize signal amplitude in the file, generating very large True Peak values <strong><em>(Figures 12, 13 and 14)<\/em><\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-845cbd5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"845cbd5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b980393\" data-id=\"b980393\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77dee05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"77dee05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1006\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Red-Hot-Chili-Peppers2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3867\" alt=\"Red Hot Chili Peppers_Parallel Universe_Tre Peaks\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Red-Hot-Chili-Peppers2.webp 1006w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Red-Hot-Chili-Peppers2-300x100.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Red-Hot-Chili-Peppers2-768x255.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Red-Hot-Chili-Peppers2-18x6.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1006px) 100vw, 1006px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8eb10a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8eb10a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aaab7fc\" data-id=\"aaab7fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a7c862 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a7c862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"23801\" data-end=\"23815\">Figure 12 :<\/strong> Analysis of Red Hot Chili Peppers&rsquo; \u201cParallel Universe\u201d (Album Californication, Warner, 1999)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cda3d88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cda3d88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6923394\" data-id=\"6923394\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d429c8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d429c8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8cc3b6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8cc3b6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50c1cb5\" data-id=\"50c1cb5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7168b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c7168b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"327\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Iron-Maiden.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3866\" alt=\"Iron Maiden_Ghost of the navigator\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Iron-Maiden.webp 1000w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Iron-Maiden-300x98.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Iron-Maiden-768x251.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Iron-Maiden-18x6.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e571ab9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e571ab9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb8a36a\" data-id=\"eb8a36a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e29c38c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e29c38c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"23912\" data-end=\"23926\">Figure 13 :<\/strong> Analysis of Iron Maiden&rsquo;s \u201cGhost of the Navigator\u201d (Album Brave New World, EMI, 2000)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-075a430 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"075a430\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f54e4e7\" data-id=\"f54e4e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab7762b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ab7762b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3581a7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3581a7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b94758e\" data-id=\"b94758e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a72c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a72c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Madonna_Let-it-will-be_2005_Statistics-Waveform-1030x340.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4291\" alt=\"Madonna_Let it will be_2005_Statistics &amp; Waveform\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Madonna_Let-it-will-be_2005_Statistics-Waveform-1030x340.png 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Madonna_Let-it-will-be_2005_Statistics-Waveform-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Madonna_Let-it-will-be_2005_Statistics-Waveform-768x253.png 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Madonna_Let-it-will-be_2005_Statistics-Waveform-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Madonna_Let-it-will-be_2005_Statistics-Waveform.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aacd928 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aacd928\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0d98bd\" data-id=\"f0d98bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe82bed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe82bed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"24015\" data-end=\"24029\">Figure 14 :<\/strong> Analysis of Madonna&rsquo;s \u201cLet It Will Be\u201d (Album Confessions on a Dance Floor, Warner Bros, 2005)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f2c364 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f2c364\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fd7ae4\" data-id=\"6fd7ae4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90ed8da elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"90ed8da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53c6a43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53c6a43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c96b5e\" data-id=\"2c96b5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eda7fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eda7fcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The legacy of the Loudness War: mainstream codes becoming established<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73a961c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73a961c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e537db7\" data-id=\"e537db7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03d07a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03d07a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While the last 15 years have generally moved toward more dynamic productions, certain genres are still produced very loud even with Loudness Normalization. Digital technology keeps evolving, and loudness values can still exceed those of 20 years ago depending on artists.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b55e2dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b55e2dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0cb387\" data-id=\"c0cb387\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e114012 elementor-blockquote--skin-quotation elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"e114012\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tThe biggest issue with hot levels isn\u2019t volume \u2014 it\u2019s the distortion they bring.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-q-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-blockquote__author\">Dave Collins, Mastering Engineer<\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8db0035 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8db0035\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b066a5\" data-id=\"0b066a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0fe00a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0fe00a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Source : \u00ab\u00a0Production Masters Podcast\u00a0\u00bb interview with Dave Collins, 30 april 2018, Tape Op Magazine.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb1bb9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb1bb9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa6ee12\" data-id=\"aa6ee12\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f014834 elementor-blockquote--skin-quotation elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"f014834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tThe problem with the loudness war is distortion. When you push levels beyond what the medium can handle, distortion is the result.\n(...) The clipped sound has become part of the signature of modern mastering \u2014 not because it is better, but because people have become accustomed to it.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-q-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-blockquote__author\">Bob Katz, Mastering Engineer<\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0503a6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0503a6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95e065e\" data-id=\"95e065e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d51a688 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d51a688\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Source: Mastering Audio: The Art and the Science, 3rd edition (Focal Press), chapters on the \u00ab\u00a0Loudness War\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Digital Clipping\u00a0\u00bb. In his book, the author argues that distortion remains the primary cause of the Loudness War phenomenon\u2014namely, excessively high average levels. He also points out that contemporary generations have become accustomed to distortion, which may help explain certain artistic intentions.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-21e96ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"21e96ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eccc38a\" data-id=\"eccc38a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7d1cce elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a7d1cce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7317251 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7317251\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3993aeb\" data-id=\"3993aeb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07c023f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07c023f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Loudness War has had creative consequences: its first decade of influence established \u201ccodes\u201d within genres. Distortion generated in productions sometimes becomes part of an artistic legacy. Many mainstream artists aim for impact using multiple forms of distortion, including distortion produced by True Peak values affecting playback. Producers in Pop, Electronic, Urban, or Rock music often argue that loudness must reflect its time and that distortion can be part of art as an expressive tool <strong><em>(Figure 15)<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c9e71b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c9e71b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c96b122\" data-id=\"c96b122\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0480e02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0480e02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-1030x520.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3868\" alt=\"Skrillex_Ragga Bomb_Waveform\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-1030x520.webp 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-300x151.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-768x387.webp 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-18x9.webp 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex.webp 1445w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0eb5383 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0eb5383\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25ddb22\" data-id=\"25ddb22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f9d09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f4f9d09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"378\" height=\"331\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-Waveform-Statistics2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3870\" alt=\"Skrillex Waveform Statistics_ Kevork Mastering\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-Waveform-Statistics2.webp 378w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-Waveform-Statistics2-300x263.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Skrillex-Waveform-Statistics2-14x12.webp 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a879b73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a879b73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-912844f\" data-id=\"912844f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e782e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e782e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Figure 15 :<\/em><\/strong><em> Analysis of<\/em> Skrillex&rsquo;s \u201cRagga Bomb\u201d (Album <em data-start=\"25723\" data-end=\"25731\">Recess<\/em>, Owsla\/Big Beat Records, 2014). In this example\u2014as in still today&rsquo;s many Pop productions\u2014there are 56,012 True Peaks on the left channel alone; the highest reaches +3.58 dB, which is enormous. Here, the choice seems to be entirely intentional.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6dbd7fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6dbd7fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4be33a8\" data-id=\"4be33a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01b4644 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"01b4644\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5df729a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5df729a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81a68dc\" data-id=\"81a68dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbe2342 elementor-blockquote--skin-quotation elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"cbe2342\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tClipping is just another sound. Whether it\u2019s appropriate depends entirely on the musical context.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-q-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-blockquote__author\">Dave Collins, Mastering Engineer<\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-644343a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"644343a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06c28b0\" data-id=\"06c28b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c49ae5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c49ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Source: Gearspace.com Q&amp;A thread with Dave Collins (public thread, June 17, 2010).<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c04ec90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c04ec90\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-88c8b66\" data-id=\"88c8b66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-328817b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"328817b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d28f411 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d28f411\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-209dc24\" data-id=\"209dc24\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a92af25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a92af25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In some genres, distortion is fully intentional. True Peak-related distortion is one example among others created with common studio tools: harmonic generators (exciters), certain EQ types, compressors, limiters, etc. This sonic research\u2014used to reach a louder and more competitive level\u2014may seem excessive, but if intentional it remains legitimate. It is therefore the responsibility of the sound professionals to deliver music where such distortions are controlled and serve clearly defined intentions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b674ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b674ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a35ea5\" data-id=\"3a35ea5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7285d58 elementor-blockquote--skin-quotation elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"7285d58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tIf an artist wants intensity, sometimes harmonics and saturation are part of achieving that.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-q-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-blockquote__author\">Maor Appelbaum, Mastering Engineer<\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72d2f7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72d2f7c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d2cfd58\" data-id=\"d2cfd58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cd1599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cd1599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Source: Maor Appelbaum Masterclass \u2013 Pensado\u2019s Place (guest episode).<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f691c5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f691c5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf7310a\" data-id=\"bf7310a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bd9cd elementor-blockquote--skin-quotation elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"23bd9cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tSome styles need to sound dirty, gritty, saturated \u2014 that\u2019s the vibe, that\u2019s the art.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-q-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<cite class=\"elementor-blockquote__author\">Maor Appelbaum, Mastering Engineer<\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90dc018 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"90dc018\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-099ccbc\" data-id=\"099ccbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c1e51e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c1e51e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Source: SonicScoop interview, \u201cInside the Mastering Mind: Maor Appelbaum\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45c8de2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45c8de2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23992a3\" data-id=\"23992a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b780b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8b780b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af1c9d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af1c9d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad94758\" data-id=\"ad94758\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a10db08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a10db08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If the mastering is excellent, the sole fact that it exceeds \u201crecommended True Peak values\u201d is clearly not enough to question its quality. As we will see, limiting True Peak values can itself have audible consequences. Ultimately everything depends on the initial intentions and on how the mastering engineer executes decisions in the sound.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d9f355 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d9f355\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35724e3\" data-id=\"35724e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b5f7b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6b5f7b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-836c315 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"836c315\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-742dc27\" data-id=\"742dc27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f126a1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f126a1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">True Peak ignored in Integrated Loudness<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cea80cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cea80cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f67f179\" data-id=\"f67f179\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb12e19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb12e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"27488\" data-end=\"27981\">In the 2010s, Loudness Normalization was implemented with the growth of streaming. It followed the EBU\u2019s momentum from 2010 to standardize broadcast program levels. Similarly, streaming platforms aimed to reduce level differences within playlists, because music has never been mastered to a single loudness standard. To improve listening comfort, loud tracks are turned down, and all tracks end up played at roughly the same perceived level\u2014regardless of ISP values even if they exceed 0 dBFS.<\/p><p data-start=\"27983\" data-end=\"28178\">Moreover, this practice intended to end the Loudness War: the louder the Integrated Loudness, the more gain reduction is applied to reach a platform\u2019s target. This discourages excessive loudness.<\/p><p data-start=\"28180\" data-end=\"28735\">However, True Peak is completely ignored in Integrated Loudness calculation: the ITU loudness algorithm does not include ISP. As a result, loudness normalization does not account for True Peak. In mastering, controlling True Peak does not affect how much a platform will turn down a track. Nonetheless, because excessive True Peaks can generate distortion on consumer playback systems, perceived loudness is impacted in practice: adding distortion to a signal necessarily increases perceived loudness, even if the Integrated Loudness algorithm ignores it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb4f6cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb4f6cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-280b404\" data-id=\"280b404\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c781af elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8c781af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f38431c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f38431c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb8506e\" data-id=\"bb8506e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f00920f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f00920f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Managing True Peak<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-936a3fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"936a3fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0113db8\" data-id=\"0113db8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8353f68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8353f68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the end of the mastering process, one key concern is to check maximum True Peak values across all masters: the highest value reached and how frequently these peaks occur. Through listening and dedicated digital tools, we can evaluate their annoyance both in DAC playback (clipping) and across lossy transformations (encoding and decoding).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46230f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46230f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58ffe18\" data-id=\"58ffe18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d19f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1d19f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6c5486 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c6c5486\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3dce76b\" data-id=\"3dce76b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1fddd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e1fddd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Detecting \u201cTrue Peak Max\u201d in mastering<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2794759 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2794759\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81a0b8e\" data-id=\"81a0b8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd6150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd6150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"29160\" data-end=\"29388\">When finalizing masters for a client, we pay close attention to TP Max values for the two reasons above: ensuring proper behavior during lossy compression\/decompression and avoiding distortion caused by excessive digital levels.<\/p><p data-start=\"29390\" data-end=\"29861\">Professional tools exist to adjust encoder input level depending on codec and bitrate. Not all codecs behave the same: for the same overload, some generate less distortion than others, and results also depend heavily on bitrate. The higher the bitrate, the less degradation occurs and the less distortion emerges during overload. Examples include the excellent Fraunhofer Pro-Codec (Sonnox) <em><strong>(Figure 16)<\/strong><\/em>, as well as Apple\u2019s tools through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/apple-music\/apple-digital-masters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apple Digital Masters<\/a> program.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7116461 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7116461\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-127ba73\" data-id=\"127ba73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f76d4ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f76d4ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"717\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sonnox-Pro-Codec.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5952\" alt=\"Sonnox Pro Codec plugin in action: True peak detected during the Lossy Codec process\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sonnox-Pro-Codec.webp 717w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sonnox-Pro-Codec-300x194.webp 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sonnox-Pro-Codec-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c31fea1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c31fea1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75af8af\" data-id=\"75af8af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bfc5a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bfc5a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong data-start=\"29863\" data-end=\"29877\">Figure 16 :<\/strong> The \u201cFraunhofer Pro Codec\u201d plugin (Sonnox), analyzing in real time different encoding\/decoding streams depending on chosen codecs and bitrates (here: mp3 @320 kbps, 256 kbps, 192 kbps and AAC @256 kbps and 192 kbps). The analysis shows that the master would clip the mp3 codec at +0.99 dBTP if a 192 kbps bitrate were used. In the other examples, the codec generates no problematic True Peak.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cbf8d3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cbf8d3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-00983f7\" data-id=\"00983f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78c6481 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"78c6481\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d7eefc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d7eefc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72750fe\" data-id=\"72750fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62b5315 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"62b5315\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why True Peak is not always a mere formality today<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f34d907 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f34d907\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48cec3c\" data-id=\"48cec3c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be790b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be790b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"30332\" data-end=\"30775\">Mastering aims to enhance the artistic message and make the project coherent and competitive. It also aims to deliver masters that translate well across all ranges of playback systems, from everyday consumer systems to the most advanced ones. Mastering studios ensure this, among other things, through control of True Peak levels. The expertise of mastering engineers relies on real signal-processing work to improve what is entrusted to them.<\/p><p data-start=\"30777\" data-end=\"31233\">Today, all major audio software can display maximum True Peak levels. If we consider it important to create \u22121 dBTP headroom, we use <a href=\"#BrickwallLimiter\">brickwall limiters<\/a> equipped with True Peak detection <em><strong>(Figures 17, 18 and 19)<\/strong><\/em>. When enabled, the limiter detects all levels (sample peaks and ISP) and reduces the signal accordingly whenever it exceeds a user-defined threshold. This helps guarantee a signal free of TP levels that would be problematic during DAC conversion.<\/p><p data-start=\"31235\" data-end=\"31841\">However, enabling True Peak mode is not always without side effects. With TP mode engaged, some limiters color the signal, while others are far more transparent. Yet coloration can be desirable depending on artistic intent. Professional mastering is always intention-driven, and processing choices are based on the signal\u2019s characteristics. If True Peak limiting reduces quality or richness, we look for alternatives: different limiters or other tools better suited to the signal. We can also ignore True Peak limiting and adjust levels while monitoring with dedicated True Peak meters <em><strong>(Figures 20 and 21)<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4de2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8dd4de2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61e0fef\" data-id=\"61e0fef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba9af91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ba9af91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/AOM-Invisible-Limiter-True-Peak-fonction-768x489.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-4261\" alt=\"AOM Invisible Limiter True Peak Aware fonction\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/AOM-Invisible-Limiter-True-Peak-fonction-768x489.png 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/AOM-Invisible-Limiter-True-Peak-fonction-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/AOM-Invisible-Limiter-True-Peak-fonction-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/AOM-Invisible-Limiter-True-Peak-fonction.png 965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bba8d6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bba8d6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ff5f0d\" data-id=\"6ff5f0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2498ff1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2498ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 17<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cInvisible Limiter G3\u201d (A.O.M) controlling True Peak levels in the limiter section so no True Peak exceeds the user-defined value. Here, threshold is \u22121.00 dB(FS). With \u201cTrue Peak Aware\u201d enabled, no ISP exceeds \u22121 dBFS, so the maximum level is \u22121 dBTP.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-295360f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"295360f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebf1fac\" data-id=\"ebf1fac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea53742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ea53742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2f42e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2f42e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-060010b\" data-id=\"060010b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cce019e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cce019e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone-True-Peak-Limiting2-1030x426.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4218\" alt=\"Ozone True Peak Limiting\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone-True-Peak-Limiting2-1030x426.png 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone-True-Peak-Limiting2-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone-True-Peak-Limiting2-768x318.png 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone-True-Peak-Limiting2-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone-True-Peak-Limiting2.png 1131w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4af33ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4af33ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d8e17a\" data-id=\"2d8e17a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2625ac5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2625ac5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 18<\/strong>: Ozone (iZotope) brickwall limiter with input gain at +10 dB. True Peak mode enabled. Output level set to \u22121.00 dB, meaning True Peak max reaches \u22121.00 dBTP at the output.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8797b5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8797b5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d89087\" data-id=\"2d89087\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40db61d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"40db61d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3905393 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3905393\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b748f2c\" data-id=\"b748f2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb7223e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb7223e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/TDR-Limit6-GE_True-Peak-Limiting-e1733578181925.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-4222\" alt=\"TDR Limit6 GE_True Peak\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b739af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b739af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91ec1d2\" data-id=\"91ec1d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1a0feb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1a0feb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 19 <\/strong>: TDR \u201cLimiter 6 GE\u201d with the same configuration: gain +10 dB, threshold \u22121 dB, set to True Peak detection (not just \u201cPCM\/LPCM\u201d). The meter reads a maximum of \u22121.0 dBTP.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-752f747 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"752f747\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba010d3\" data-id=\"ba010d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-745ba97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"745ba97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ecfcc49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ecfcc49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-384bb56\" data-id=\"384bb56\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ffc53c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1ffc53c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"442\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/NuGen-Audio-True-Peak-detection.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4348\" alt=\"NuGen Audio True Peak detection\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/NuGen-Audio-True-Peak-detection.png 442w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/NuGen-Audio-True-Peak-detection-203x300.png 203w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/NuGen-Audio-True-Peak-detection-8x12.png 8w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-99103dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"99103dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f61693\" data-id=\"1f61693\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9673b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df9673b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 20<\/strong>: True Peak meter example: Mastercheck (Nugen Audio). This tool does not process audio; it only displays levels.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-00e8534 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"00e8534\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b36411\" data-id=\"5b36411\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cd1cc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7cd1cc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-367dbbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"367dbbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04b313d\" data-id=\"04b313d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d50eb6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d50eb6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"517\" height=\"363\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone11-detection-True-Peak.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4361\" alt=\"Ozone11 True Peaks detection\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone11-detection-True-Peak.png 517w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone11-detection-True-Peak-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Ozone11-detection-True-Peak-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4fad32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4fad32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e196ea\" data-id=\"3e196ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e40be7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e40be7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 21<\/strong>: Ozone True Peak meter configuration. If True Peak is unchecked, the meter reads only actual sample values without ISP interpretation.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8337ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8337ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9907cd7\" data-id=\"9907cd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e18207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6e18207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6fd57bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6fd57bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb96421\" data-id=\"fb96421\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e763e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e763e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For a given signal, one of these <a href=\"#Plugin\">plugins<\/a> may not display exactly the same ISP measurement as another. Differences come mainly from oversampling implementations and filtering characteristics, as well as from ITU measurement program updates. True Peak calculation is based on oversampling and smoothing filters described by the ITU in the latest version from November 2023:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pubrec\/itu-r\/rec\/bs\/R-REC-BS.1770-5-202311-I!!PDF-E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> ITU-R BS.1770-5<\/a>. However, the ISP calculation method has not evolved since version 3 of the document (August 2012): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pubrec\/itu-r\/rec\/bs\/R-REC-BS.1770-3-201208-S!!PDF-E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ITU-R BS.1770-3<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28eaa2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28eaa2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0a984f\" data-id=\"e0a984f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc478e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cc478e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a9a1b7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a9a1b7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-650bc6e\" data-id=\"650bc6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8c869a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d8c869a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Specific Case of Automated Mastering Services<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9e23527 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9e23527\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c60cfd7\" data-id=\"c60cfd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66eec09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66eec09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"232\" data-end=\"522\">As discussed in the blog article \u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/en\/human-mastering-automated-mastering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Art of Mastering: Beyond the Algorithm<\/a> \u201d, automated mastering relies on so-called \u201cturnkey\u201d systems designed to master any piece of music automatically, quickly, and at low cost. Two major players currently dominate this market: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.landr.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LANDR<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/emastered.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eMastered<\/a>.<\/p><p data-start=\"529\" data-end=\"711\">In practice, these applications rely on artificial intelligence to deliver a mastered version of a track within seconds, without any human intervention nor artistic decision-making.<\/p><p data-start=\"718\" data-end=\"1042\">When it comes to True Peak levels, automated mastering services can apply a technically compliant maximum value, sometimes allowing the user to select a target ceiling. However, no genuine sonic evaluation is possible through this approach, as the user has no control over the processing tools used to manage these levels.<\/p><p data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1349\">As a result, these services do not allow the listener to assess the audible consequences of True Peak limiting. This stands in contrast to the tools commonly used in professional mastering, which make it possible to hear and evaluate whether True Peak limiting has a perceptible impact on the sound.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ec060a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ec060a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-efa4c21\" data-id=\"efa4c21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1840b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1840b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-99c7949 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"99c7949\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29f06ad\" data-id=\"29f06ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8578c2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8578c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">True Peak \u201cbefore\u201d: from irrelevant to problematic<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0efdb4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0efdb4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6a545c\" data-id=\"e6a545c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6084c57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6084c57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"33328\" data-end=\"33638\">Although True Peak control is now common practice in professional mastering, this was not the case before the 2010s: we did not have sufficient tools to measure and control it precisely. Personally, I also believe Loudness War habits slowed down a willingness to question the audible consequences of True Peak.<\/p><p data-start=\"33640\" data-end=\"34096\">With the arrival of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CD-Audio<\/a> (1982), recorded peak levels were far below those used in the late 1990s <em><strong>(Figure 22)<\/strong><\/em>. At that time, nobody worried about ISP values. Generally, on CDs produced between 1982 and 1990, peak levels were several dB below Full Scale, making DAC overload impossible. The 1980s\/1990s are often referred to as the \u201cgolden age of CD\u201d. True Peak existed in theory, but its consequences emerged about 15 years later with the Loudness War.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60914e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60914e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75d8817\" data-id=\"75d8817\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b42e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c2b42e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Toto_Rosanna_1982_Statistics-Waveform-1030x356.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4142\" alt=\"Toto_Rosanna_1982_Waveform Statistics\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Toto_Rosanna_1982_Statistics-Waveform-1030x356.png 1030w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Toto_Rosanna_1982_Statistics-Waveform-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Toto_Rosanna_1982_Statistics-Waveform-768x265.png 768w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Toto_Rosanna_1982_Statistics-Waveform-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Toto_Rosanna_1982_Statistics-Waveform.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-278dad2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"278dad2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a0ae233\" data-id=\"a0ae233\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-504d67e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"504d67e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Figure 22 : <\/em><\/strong><em>Analysis of \u201cRosanna\u201d by Toto. Original, non-remastered CD version of the song (Album \u00ab\u00a0<\/em><em>Toto IV\u00a0\u00bb, Columbia Records, 1982). The highest True Peaks do not exceed \u22122.19 dBFS, leaving significant headroom. This prevents DAC overload and also allows higher quality lossy encoding\/decoding.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b781b23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b781b23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ba10b9\" data-id=\"5ba10b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6183311 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6183311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9a79d77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9a79d77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf48a12\" data-id=\"cf48a12\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ff8eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65ff8eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The technology paradox<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c7a985 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c7a985\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f3f054\" data-id=\"2f3f054\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3860966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3860966\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"34406\" data-end=\"35088\">Today, because of easy mobile access\u2014especially via connected <a href=\"#Smartphoneuse\">smartphones<\/a>\u2014music consumption has deteriorated significantly. In an object only slightly larger than a hand, the entire audio system is contained: digital player, DAC, amplification, and speaker(s). This system is minimized to reduce production cost, meaning the DAC and speakers are necessarily of poor performance. Unless the smartphone is used only as a player and routed into a decent external DAC, mobile technology cannot reproduce music with high quality. In those conditions, we cannot truly appreciate the work of the artist and the technical team: microphone capture, the mixer\u2019s work, and mastering decisions.<\/p><p data-start=\"35090\" data-end=\"35412\">Even if the recording is excellent and the master is played in LPCM as produced, small systems still deliver music stripped of its qualities\u2014qualities that are fully present in the master: extended frequency response, dynamics, detail, and the sense of space that the brain recreates when listening through a proper setup.<\/p><p data-start=\"35414\" data-end=\"35792\">On a smartphone, frequency response and dynamics are restricted by the low-performance DAC, low-performance amplifier, and small speaker size. Moreover, when using the phone speaker, spatial perception disappears entirely because the listener does not benefit from the <a href=\"#Stereo\">stereo<\/a> effect of two speakers. In production, music is almost always built with at least a <a href=\"#Stereo\">stereo<\/a> dependency.<\/p><p data-start=\"35794\" data-end=\"36033\">Not only can uncontrolled True Peak levels harm playback on small systems, but in those same conditions we are also fundamentally unable to hear the music as it was created and approved, according to the artists\u2019 and engineers\u2019 intentions.<\/p><p data-start=\"36035\" data-end=\"36475\">It is clear that hi-fi systems are far less used today than in the CD era, and high-performance systems are often inaccessible for most people. Yet technological progress is real: today we can build better DACs, amplifiers and loudspeakers than ever. What should we think about the future of music consumption when Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Meta, predicts <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/fr-fr\/actualite\/technologie-et-sciences\/la-fin-des-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phones-approche-mark-zuckerberg-pr%C3%A9dit-leur-extinction\/ar-AA1vAjrD?ocid=winp2fp&amp;cvid=c7bb216dbe714c8ea20e1503ef9ce7df&amp;ei=15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the near disappearance of smartphones in favor of glasses<\/a> providing similar functions?<\/p><p data-start=\"36477\" data-end=\"36716\">Given these considerations, DAC quality remains an unchanging criterion because digital audio must be heard through it. Therefore, the topic of True Peak will remain relevant for everyday listeners unless habits and listening means evolve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e75f88b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e75f88b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2753d54\" data-id=\"2753d54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55d8a2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"55d8a2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da8e048 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"da8e048\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-375f575\" data-id=\"375f575\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fa719c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6fa719c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">True Peak in mastering: conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e58fc60 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e58fc60\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da2ee8d\" data-id=\"da2ee8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-840d808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"840d808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"36765\" data-end=\"37180\">This real reconstruction phenomenon should encourage caution in mastering because it can generate audible distortion through consumer playback systems\u2014and that distortion is generally not desired. Professionals are fully aware of this. But given the diversity of musical genres\u2014many of which are not tied to the historical codes of perceived level\u2014mainstream music or any sub-genre can legitimately pursue its own aesthetic choices.<\/p><p data-start=\"37182\" data-end=\"37546\">In mastering, we aim to deliver music that fits genre codes while remaining competitive. True Peak alone never determines mastering quality. A successful mastering depends on a coherent set of processing decisions based on intention, experience, and context. With expertise, the mastering engineer improves perception while adapting to both the art and the market.<\/p><p data-start=\"37548\" data-end=\"37818\">A master that \u201csounds loud\u201d is not necessarily a bad master. It can enhance a mix and reinforce genre representation. Conversely, a master strictly following recommended maximum True Peak values is not necessarily better: this single criterion is clearly not sufficient.<\/p><p data-start=\"37820\" data-end=\"38150\">In today\u2019s society, most listeners use poor playback systems that cannot properly reproduce the qualities embedded in studio music. These systems are often incapable of handling True Peak levels beyond a certain threshold. In terms of everyday listening, we may need to change habits and finally invest in more qualitative setups.<\/p><p data-start=\"38152\" data-end=\"38446\">However, vinyl\u2019s resurgence\u2014with continuously growing sales since the 2010s\u2014seems to demonstrate renewed enthusiasm for this format. Vinyl, by nature, presents no True Peak issues because it is purely analog. Interestingly, vinyl also reflects a conscious and qualitative approach to listening.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a288e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a288e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d30c9dc\" data-id=\"d30c9dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee96fca elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ee96fca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6a25c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6a25c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e5540c\" data-id=\"3e5540c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb98f8 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-the7_icon_widget\" data-id=\"5eb98f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"the7_icon_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"the7-icon-wrapper the7-elementor-widget\"><div class=\"elementor-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-star\"><\/i><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12b89a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12b89a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56577b4\" data-id=\"56577b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c4efcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7c4efcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b99c33b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b99c33b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79160fb\" data-id=\"79160fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-954dbd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"954dbd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LPCM vs DSD: how True Peak behaves<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5fa5ec6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5fa5ec6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cbaef21\" data-id=\"cbaef21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ec4f64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ec4f64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"38495\" data-end=\"38947\">True Peak is intrinsically linked to LPCM encoding\u2014it is, by definition, one of its major weaknesses. In the analog reconstruction of a signal from samples legitimately created within the digital scale, there will always be cases where successive high samples produce an analog waveform that is limited in amplitude. In practice, ideally, it could have been converted without distortion if the original signal had been reduced or better controlled.<\/p><p data-start=\"38949\" data-end=\"39104\">As we have seen through examples of dynamic music and heavily compressed mastering, True Peak management will always remain a weak point of the LPCM model.<\/p><p data-start=\"39106\" data-end=\"39594\">By contrast, in DSD, the True Peak problem does not exist. DSD is based on generating a 1-bit stream at a very high frequency: samples are created successively based on the position of the previously generated sample in a feedback logic, known as Delta-Sigma. As a result, intersample overshoots cannot occur in the same way as in LPCM. DSD can still suffer from overload phenomena, but these arise from very different mechanisms specific to the technology (modulator, filtering).<\/p><p data-start=\"39596\" data-end=\"39840\">This section highlights the fundamental differences between the two digital encoding technologies, while reminding readers that LPCM remains the standard in music production\u2014which is exactly why True Peak management remains a central topic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab4a3ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab4a3ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78fbe34\" data-id=\"78fbe34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eda9fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0eda9fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"371\" height=\"505\" src=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM-vs-DSD_Par-Pawel-Zdziarski.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6048\" alt=\"LPCM-vs-DSD_Par-Pawe\u0142-Zdziarski\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM-vs-DSD_Par-Pawel-Zdziarski.webp 371w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM-vs-DSD_Par-Pawel-Zdziarski-220x300.webp 220w, https:\/\/kevork-mastering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/LPCM-vs-DSD_Par-Pawel-Zdziarski-9x12.webp 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-813d940 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"813d940\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a5e540\" data-id=\"2a5e540\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-152835c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"152835c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Representation of the same waveform encoded using both methods. At the top: LPCM for CD-Audio (16-bit, 44.1 kHz). At the bottom: DSD on 1 bit (always the case), but at a sampling frequency 64\u00d7 higher. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direct_Stream_Digital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia, LPCM-vs-DSD, by Pawe\u0142 Zdziarski, CC BY 2.5<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f07b472 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f07b472\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d8de32\" data-id=\"4d8de32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dadca7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7dadca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-881eb47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"881eb47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf458b8\" data-id=\"bf458b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-427b4ce elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-the7_icon_widget\" data-id=\"427b4ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"the7_icon_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"the7-icon-wrapper the7-elementor-widget\"><div class=\"elementor-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-star\"><\/i><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29d511a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29d511a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71fbce6\" data-id=\"71fbce6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54acd41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"54acd41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f34fb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f34fb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_mouse&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae5be1a\" data-id=\"ae5be1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0c72f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0c72f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key points to remember: True Peaks levels in Mastering<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13b2066 elementor-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"13b2066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">True Peak is a phenomenon specific to LPCM encoding, linked to analog signal reconstruction.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-check-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">True Peak values do not indicate perceived loudness (RMS or Integrated Loudness).<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Excessive True Peaks may lead to:  clipping in DACs,  increased distortion during lossy encoding and decoding.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-check-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Industry thresholds (\u22121 dBTP, \u22122 dBTP) are recommendations, not mandatory rules.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Some musical genres intentionally embrace high levels and distortion as part of their aesthetic.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-check-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">DSD encoding operates on a different principle (Delta-Sigma) and is not subject to True Peak.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">In mastering, True Peak management is always a balance between technical constraints and artistic choices.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4224e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4224e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bdbdbb\" data-id=\"1bdbdbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51eb075 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"51eb075\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3748adb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3748adb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed654f0\" data-id=\"ed654f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-520fb40 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-the7_icon_widget\" data-id=\"520fb40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"the7_icon_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"the7-icon-wrapper the7-elementor-widget\"><div class=\"elementor-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-star\"><\/i><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e56190 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e56190\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b765e16\" data-id=\"b765e16\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56bba37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"56bba37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44327b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44327b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ce2160\" data-id=\"4ce2160\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5bb7ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5bb7ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Blog glossary: \u201cTrue Peak levels\u201d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66d6154 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66d6154\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6345df4\" data-id=\"6345df4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c4ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c0c4ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"LPCM\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0089621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0089621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"40210\" data-end=\"40219\">LPCM:<\/strong> Linear Pulse Code Modulation is by far the most widely used encoding system in professional audio and hi-fi. It is often shortened to \u201cPCM\u201d (Pulse Code Modulation), but strictly speaking that is a simplification. \u201cLinear\u201d means samples are evenly spaced, which is not always the case in \u201cPCM\u201d. LPCM is therefore a subcategory of PCM. For example, at 44.1 kHz (CD-Audio), there are 44,100 samples per second, evenly spaced. LPCM converts analog sound into a sequence of samples at a defined sampling frequency (44.1 kHz, 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz, etc.). LPCM also enables digital processing through DAWs and CPUs (gain, EQ, compression, harmonic generation, etc.). The most common LPCM container format is <strong data-start=\"40917\" data-end=\"40925\">.wav<\/strong> (Waveform Audio File Format, Microsoft &amp; IBM), but <strong data-start=\"40977\" data-end=\"40991\">.aiff\/.aif<\/strong> (Apple) and <strong data-start=\"41004\" data-end=\"41012\">.bwf<\/strong> (EBU) also exist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e60790b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e60790b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1428fd3\" data-id=\"1428fd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36d6f54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"36d6f54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"RMS\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46c9cea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46c9cea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-02766e6\" data-id=\"02766e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-608078c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"608078c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"41032\" data-end=\"41040\">RMS:<\/strong> Root Mean Square. A purely mathematical average representing the mean of a function\u2019s values over time. In pro audio, the function is the waveform. RMS describes the arithmetic mean of waveform amplitude across the duration of the track. It is reasonably representative of perceived amplitude, since we cannot perceive the waveform\u2019s instantaneous maximum values in complex signals like music.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cd6da2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cd6da2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10c2909\" data-id=\"10c2909\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48e8332 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"48e8332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"IntegratedLoudness\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d8975d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d8975d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8d7d8b\" data-id=\"e8d7d8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d40ddfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d40ddfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"41436\" data-end=\"41460\">Integrated Loudness:<\/strong> Measurement of a track\u2019s loudness over its full duration. The algorithm accounts for the non-linearity of human hearing across frequencies and intensity. It is established by the ITU; first published in 2006 as ITU-R BS.1770. The algorithm is intended to evolve to improve loudness precision and potentially also True Peak measurement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee0ca98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee0ca98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2641cf5\" data-id=\"2641cf5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7002d5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7002d5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ITU\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab6043b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab6043b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aade8aa\" data-id=\"aade8aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-613b90d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"613b90d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"41798\" data-end=\"41810\">ITU:<\/strong> International Telecommunication Union, based in Geneva (Switzerland), a UN agency responsible for telecom and communication technology standards.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0cfec9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0cfec9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65682b4\" data-id=\"65682b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81c0bb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"81c0bb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"FullScale\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0605c80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0605c80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-102d532\" data-id=\"102d532\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b48b066 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b48b066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"FR\"><strong data-start=\"41958\" data-end=\"41973\">Full Scale:<\/strong> The digital scale expressed in dBFS. The maximum possible value is \u201c0\u201d, since all values in this scale are negative. Full Scale also refers to that maximum value, i.e., \u201c0\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cbd092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cbd092\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d789c2\" data-id=\"4d789c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72f653b elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"72f653b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"TheDACmarkettoday\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5159ac3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5159ac3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e22cd18\" data-id=\"e22cd18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e48602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e48602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"42149\" data-end=\"42174\">The DAC market today: <\/strong>These links refer to consumer devices focused on DAC conversion (and sometimes preamplification), but DACs are also integrated into multi-function hi-fi systems such as integrated amplifiers or some players.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6139c43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6139c43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-206c2cc\" data-id=\"206c2cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ff8c4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"0ff8c4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Lossy\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0562c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0562c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a99b8c2\" data-id=\"a99b8c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eea683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3eea683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"42487\" data-end=\"42497\">Lossy:<\/strong> Unlike lossless, lossy encoding compresses data and removes part of the audible information in exchange for reduced file size. The most common example is mp3, which, despite development ending in 2017 by Fraunhofer IIS, remains the most widely used lossy format.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0e56d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d0e56d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66d2aef\" data-id=\"66d2aef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-568e91b elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"568e91b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"BrickwallLimiter\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74d8284 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74d8284\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e058638\" data-id=\"e058638\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a22ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a22ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"42762\" data-end=\"42784\">Brickwall limiter:<\/strong> A processing tool used to increase loudness while preventing a signal from exceeding a user-defined digital threshold (the highest being 0 Full Scale). In 1994, Waves released the L1 plugin, which opened the chapter of the Loudness War\u2014alongside CD-Audio technology introduced in 1982.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5db97c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b5db97c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe6a333\" data-id=\"fe6a333\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e1a386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"6e1a386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Plugin\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2708bfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2708bfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9f0ddb\" data-id=\"c9f0ddb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c97d76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c97d76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"43072\" data-end=\"43083\">Plugin:<\/strong> A software module inserted within a host application called a DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) to process audio files (EQ, compression, levels, etc.).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28ee6d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28ee6d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb53e8b\" data-id=\"fb53e8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9a7a47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f9a7a47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"EBU\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fdee13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fdee13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e98ce41\" data-id=\"e98ce41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df579ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df579ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"43235\" data-end=\"43247\">EBU:<\/strong> European Broadcasting Union, based in Geneva. Building on ITU work since 2006 on loudness and True Peak, the EBU published EBU R128 in August 2010 (\u201cLoudness Normalisation and permitted maximum level of Audio Signals\u201d), implemented in 2012. The EBU updates recommendations in line with ITU BS.1770 versions; the latest EBU R128-5 is from November 2023.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dd53e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dd53e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72e4ad9\" data-id=\"72e4ad9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9524a41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9524a41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a4a6efc\" data-id=\"a4a6efc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a07cde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a07cde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"43602\" data-end=\"43613\">Stereo:<\/strong> Most music releases are still stereo (two channels) since the comercialization of Stereo vinyl in 1958 ! However, in 2025, multichannel distribution beyond stereo exists and is growing just a little compared to the much spread use of Stereo systems. Common formats include 5.1 and 7.1. Distribution focuses mainly on immersive audio (object-based formats) and, to a lesser extent, on physical media (Blu-ray Audio, Pure Blu-ray Audio, SACD) and multichannel downloads. Regarding True Peak, apart from SACD (DSD\/Delta-Sigma), all other multichannel formats require the same vigilance as stereo because they are encoded in LPCM. See \u201cLPCM vs DSD: how True Peak behaves\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d13923b elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d13923b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Stereo\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-405dfaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"405dfaf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80efab7\" data-id=\"80efab7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-430be19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"430be19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Smartphoneuse\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74ac9f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74ac9f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2bf7012\" data-id=\"2bf7012\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ff7500 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ff7500\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"44168\" data-end=\"44187\">Smartphone use:<\/strong> According to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.airofmelty.fr\/culture-divertissement\/72-des-jeunes-francais-ecoutent-de-la-musique-sur-leur-smartphone-2701.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qobuz study in 2021<\/a>, 72% of young people listen to music using only their smartphone.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc90153 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc90153\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa462f6\" data-id=\"aa462f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f62458 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3f62458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3387529 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3387529\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c8cc91\" data-id=\"2c8cc91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b9b8c9 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"3b9b8c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-wave-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is \u201cTrue Peak Level\u201d known as \u201cIntersample Peak\u201d?<br \/>\nWhy do these levels matter in Mastering?<br \/>\nHow are they handled in today\u2019s professional Mastering workflows?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,9,49,39],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-audio-culture","category-audio-engineering","category-audio-mastering","category-blog-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>True Peak Levels in Mastering | Kevork Mastering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An in-depth guide to True Peak levels in Mastering: why they matter, and how to handle them for professional results.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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